WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.513 --> 00:00:04.017 An individual who speaks a language historically related 2 00:00:04.017 --> 00:00:06.433 to English may have an advantage in learning English 3 00:00:06.433 --> 00:00:08.779 as a second language because what? 4 00:00:10.081 --> 00:00:12.545 This is another one of those question types 5 00:00:12.545 --> 00:00:16.139 where it's helpful to think of specific examples. 6 00:00:17.057 --> 00:00:19.601 Think about a second language that you might have learned 7 00:00:19.601 --> 00:00:21.249 and then think of it sort of in reverse. 8 00:00:21.249 --> 00:00:24.113 If you were coming from that language and learning English 9 00:00:24.113 --> 00:00:26.709 which of these things might be helpful? 10 00:00:26.709 --> 00:00:30.439 In addition to that, think of all of the world's languages 11 00:00:30.439 --> 00:00:33.089 and scenarios and try to play out the scenario 12 00:00:33.089 --> 00:00:35.201 of this question in some specific examples 13 00:00:35.201 --> 00:00:36.769 and see if it holds true 14 00:00:36.769 --> 00:00:39.387 since this is such a general kind of question. 15 00:00:42.097 --> 00:00:45.415 Choice A says: The affixes of the individual's 16 00:00:45.415 --> 00:00:47.794 first language will be similar to English. 17 00:00:47.794 --> 00:00:50.722 So think of a language that you might have some familiarity 18 00:00:50.722 --> 00:00:54.336 with like Spanish or French or Italian 19 00:00:54.336 --> 00:00:57.272 and think about the affixes, the prefixes and suffixes 20 00:00:57.272 --> 00:00:59.480 and things like that, that are used in those languages 21 00:00:59.480 --> 00:01:01.848 versus the ones that are used in English. 22 00:01:01.848 --> 00:01:03.496 Are they similar? 23 00:01:03.496 --> 00:01:06.552 In most cases they're really not very similar. 24 00:01:06.552 --> 00:01:09.272 That's no probably gonna be the right answer, 25 00:01:09.272 --> 00:01:10.968 so let's look at the next choice. 26 00:01:10.968 --> 00:01:12.920 Many words and roots are likely 27 00:01:12.920 --> 00:01:15.304 to have similar spellings and meanings. 28 00:01:16.494 --> 00:01:19.704 If you think about a lot of 29 00:01:19.704 --> 00:01:22.032 words in Spanish or French 30 00:01:25.152 --> 00:01:26.815 and then think about English words 31 00:01:26.815 --> 00:01:30.902 there's a lot of words that have very similar roots. 32 00:01:30.902 --> 00:01:33.847 For example: car, carro, 33 00:01:35.334 --> 00:01:36.951 location, locación. 34 00:01:39.837 --> 00:01:42.605 Within a lot of languages that are based 35 00:01:42.605 --> 00:01:46.429 on Latin vocabulary there's a lot of similarities 36 00:01:46.429 --> 00:01:48.061 in both the spellings and the meanings 37 00:01:48.061 --> 00:01:50.989 of the root words that are used. 38 00:01:50.989 --> 00:01:53.933 That looks like a very convincing answer, 39 00:01:53.933 --> 00:01:56.791 but let's just make sure that C and D are not correct. 40 00:01:57.885 --> 00:02:01.277 C: The individual may rely on his knowledge of etymology. 41 00:02:01.277 --> 00:02:04.573 Etymology is how a word comes to mean what it means. 42 00:02:04.573 --> 00:02:06.957 For the most part, unless you really study language, 43 00:02:06.957 --> 00:02:09.869 you're probably not gonna have a large amount 44 00:02:09.869 --> 00:02:14.045 of knowledge of how words have come to mean 45 00:02:14.045 --> 00:02:15.837 what they mean, they just mean what they mean 46 00:02:15.837 --> 00:02:18.797 and you know those meanings. 47 00:02:18.797 --> 00:02:21.885 Relying on that is probably not going to be something 48 00:02:21.885 --> 00:02:24.733 that's easy for somebody, for most people, 49 00:02:24.733 --> 00:02:27.192 who are trying to learn a second language to do. 50 00:02:27.192 --> 00:02:28.648 So that one we can eliminate. 51 00:02:28.648 --> 00:02:31.368 And then D: The cultures using the two languages 52 00:02:31.368 --> 00:02:33.760 will be very similar. 53 00:02:33.760 --> 00:02:36.163 That doesn't necessarily mean that it would help 54 00:02:36.163 --> 00:02:38.995 the person learn the language even if it was true, 55 00:02:38.995 --> 00:02:41.747 but we also know that many cultures are very different 56 00:02:44.347 --> 00:02:48.083 even if their languages are based on Latin roots 57 00:02:48.083 --> 00:02:51.491 or based on similar historic evolution. 58 00:02:51.491 --> 00:02:54.419 So D also doesn't make much sense 59 00:02:54.419 --> 00:02:56.643 when we think about it within the specific context 60 00:02:56.643 --> 00:02:58.691 of languages we might be familiar with. 61 00:02:58.691 --> 00:03:01.475 The only one that really seems to hold true 62 00:03:01.475 --> 00:03:03.779 in any number of specific scenarios 63 00:03:03.779 --> 00:03:05.827 that we might come up with is B. 64 00:03:05.827 --> 00:03:07.373 So B is the correct answer.